Criminal Legal Protection for Victims of AI-Based Deepfake Content in Indonesia

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines criminal legal protection for victims of AI-based deepfake content in Indonesia and evaluates the adequacy of criminal law and telematics law in responding to manipulation, distribution, and victim harm.

Research Design and Methodology: This research uses normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The primary legal materials include the Criminal Code, the ITE Law, the Personal Data Protection Law, and the Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence Law, supported by legal literature, journal articles, and comparative regulatory materials.

Findings and Discussion: The findings show that victim protection remains partial because Indonesian law has not specifically regulated the creation, manipulation, and distribution of deepfake content as an independent criminal offense. Existing provisions only address unlawful electronic content, defamation, sexual violence, and personal data misuse, but they do not fully regulate AI-based manipulation, digital evidence, or platform responsibility.

Implications: This article contributes to criminal law reform by strengthening deepfake regulation, victim recovery, platform accountability, expedited takedown procedures, and digital evidence standards for future sui generis regulation in Indonesia.